"I learned I am a Feminist": Lessons for Adult Learning from Participatory Action Research with Union Women

Authors

  • Cindy Hanson Associate Professor Adult Education and HRD University of Regina

Keywords:

Adult education, nonformal learning, labour education, popular education, feminist education, participatory research

Abstract

For almost two decades, the Prairie School for Union Women (PSUW) has operated in Saskatchewan, Canada. Its use of feminist popular education, adult learning principles in facilitation, and, mentoring and support for activist practices make it unique from other labour schools in many respects. This paper focuses on  community-based participatory action research that explored how well the PSUW was meeting its goals to “develop women’s personal and leadership skills, to build solidarity among women workers, and to increase knowledge about the labour movement.” The article documents not only how the School achieved its goals, but how it also offers lessons in inclusive labour education and activism, nonformal adult learning, intersectional feminist approaches, university-community relationships, and transformative education.

Author Biography

Cindy Hanson, Associate Professor Adult Education and HRD University of Regina

Cindy Hanson is an educator interested in participatory, intersectional, and transformative forms of learning that have local and global applications. She works in adult education at the University of Regina. Her research areas span multiples contexts - local and international in nonformal and informal learning. In addition to another study on the Prairie School for Union Women, Hanson is working on research with the Labour College of Canada, with Indigenous communities in Canada and Chile, and on community-based research in East Africa.  

References

Banks, C. (2000). Sister solidarity: Prairie School for Union Women. Our Times, 19 (2), 33-39.

Bishop, R. (2008). Te Kotahitanga. In N. K. Denzin, Y. S. Lincoln, & L. T. Smith (Eds.). Critical and Indigenous Methodologies (pp. 439-469). California: Sage.

Burke, B., Deschamps, J., Jackson, N., Martin, D., & Paavo, A. (2002, May 30). Learning to lead in a social movement: Gender politics in union education in Quebec and English-speaking Canada. In 21st annual conference. Canadian Association for the Study of Adult Education (CASAE) proceedings (pp.392-399). Retrieved from www.oise.utoronto.ca/CASAE/cnf2002/2002_Papers/sym-burke&etal2002w.pdf

Briskin, L. (April, 2001). Power in the Classroom. Voices from the Classroom: Reflections on Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. J. Newton, J. Ginsburg, J. Rehner, P. Rogers, S. Sbrizzi and John Spencer (eds.). 10:3, pp. 25-39. York Univ., Toronto: Garamond Press and Centre for Support of Teaching.

Briskin, L. (2002). The equity project in Canadian unions. In F. Colgan and S. Ledwith (eds.). Gender, Diversity and the Trade Unions: International Perspectives. London: Routledge.

Briskin, L. (2006) Victimization and agency: The social construction of union women’s leadership. Industrial Relations Journal. 37.

Briskin, L. (2013). Merit, individualism and solidarity: Revisiting the democratic deficit in union women’s leadership. In S. Ledwith and L. L. Hansen (eds.). Gendering and diversifying trade union leadership. (pp. 138-161). New York: Routledge.

Butterwick, S. & Selman, J. (2003). Deep listening in a feminist popular theatre project: Upsetting the position of audience in participatory education. Adult Education Quarterly, 53 (4), 7-23.

Caffarella, R. & Merriam, S.B. (2000). Linking the individual learners to the context of adult learning. In Arther Wilson and Elisabeth Hayes (Eds.). Handbook of Adult and Continuing Education. (pp. 55-70). San Fransisco, CA: Jossey Bass.

Canadian Union of Public Employees [CUPE]. (2005). Strengthening our union: Final report of CUPE’s National Women’s Task Force. Retrieved from www.cupe.ca/updir/CUPE_ENG_FINAL_LR.pdf

Carter, S. and Martin, D. (2013). “Equip, Engage, Expand, and Energize: Labour Movement Education” in Building on critical traditions: Adult education and learning in Canada in T. Nesbit, S. M. Brigham, N. Taber, T. Gibb (Ed). (pp. 270-280). Toronto: Thompson Educational Pub.

Cooper, L. (1998). From ‘rolling mass actions’ to RPL: The changing discourse of experience and learning in the South African labour movement. Studies in Continuing Education, 20 (2), 143-157.

Crowther, J., Galloway, V., & Martin, I. (Eds.). (2005). Popular education: Engaging the academy. Leicester, UK: National Institute for Adult and Continuing Education.

Doerge, S. (1992). Feminist popular education: Transforming the world from where women stand. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. OISE: University of Toronto.

Elliot, P.W. (2011). Participatory action research: Challenges, complications and opportunities. Saskatoon: Centre for the Study of Cooperatives.

English, L., Kennedy, K. Irving, C. & Davidson, T. (2006). A review on the state of field of adult learning: Gender and adult learning. Ottawa: Canadian Council on Learning. Retrieved from www.ccl-cca.ca/pdfs/AdLKC/stateofthefieldreports/AdultEducationGender.pdf

Freire, P. (1970.). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum.

Fleras, Augie. (2010). Unequal relations: An Introduction to race, ethnic and Aboriginal dynamics in Canada. 6th Ed. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Canada.

Friedman, M., & Cousins, C. (1996). Holding the space: Gender, race and conflict in training. In S. Walters & L. Manicom (Eds.), Gender in popular education: Methods for empowerment (pp. 61-87). Bellville, South Africa: CACE Publications.

Heery, E. & Adler, L. (2004). Organizing the unorganized. In Frege and Kelly (Eds.). Varieties of unionism: Strategies for union revitalization in a globalizing economy. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

Holst, J.D. (2007). The politics and economics of globalization and social change in radical adult education: A critical review of recent literature. Journal for critical education policy studies. (5:1), 1-30. Retrieved from www.jceps.com/?pageID=article&articleID=91

Israel, B.A., Eng, E., Schultz A., & Parker E. (Eds.) (2005). Methods in community-based participatory research for health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Kainer, J. (2006). Gender union renewal: Women’s contributions to labour movement revitalization. Gender and work database on-line. Retrieved from www.unionleadership.ca

Kaminski, M. & Yakura, E.K. (2008). Women’s union leadership: Closing the gender gap. Working USA. 11 (4), 459-475.

Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R. (2005). Participatory action research: Communicative action and the public sphere. In N. Denzin, Y. Lincoln (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. (pp. 559-603). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Kirton, G. & Healy, G. (2004). Shaping union and gender identities: A case study of women-only trade union courses. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 42:2, 303-323.

Lange, E. (2013). Interrogating Transformative Learning: Canadian Contributions in Building on critical traditions: Adult education and learning in Canada in T. Nesbit, S. M. Brigham, N. Taber, T. Gibb (Ed). (pp.107-118). Toronto: Thompson Educational Pub.

Manicom, L. & Walters, S. (Eds.). (2012). Feminist popular education in transnational debates: Building pedagogies of possibility. New York: Palgrove McMillan.

McKenzie, C. (2011). Finding points of intersection: Learning through feminist non-credit learning processes. Proceedings of Adult education research conference 2011. Retrieved from www.adulterc.org/applications/ClassifiedListingsManager/inc_classifiedlistingsmanager.asp

O’Sullivan, E. (1999). Transformative Learning: Educational Vision for the 21st Century. London: Zed Books.

Paavo, A. (2001) The Prairie School for Union Women: An intuitive promoter of lifelong learning. Unpublished research paper submitted to OISE as a Masters of Adult Education course requirement.

Ramazanolu, C., & Holland, J. (2002). Feminist methodology: Challenges and choices.

Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Reinharz, S., & Chase, S. E. (2002). Interviewing women. In J. F. Gubrium, & J. A. Holstein (Eds.), Handbook of interview research: Context & method (pp. 221-237). Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.

Spencer, B. (2002). Unions and learning in a global economy: International and comparative perspectives. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

Slott, M. (2002). The relevance of critical postmodernism for emancipatory labor education: An assessment. Labour Studies Journal 26, 51, 51-70.

Yates, C. (2006). Women are key to union renewal: Lessons from the Canadian labour movement. In P. Kumar and C. Schenk (Eds.). Paths to union renewal: Canadian experiences. (pp. 103-112). Toronto, ON.: Broadview Press.

Weiler, K. (1991). Freire and a feminist pedagogy of difference. Harvard Educational Review, 61 (4), 449-474.

Downloads

Published

2014-11-15

How to Cite

Hanson, C. (2014). "I learned I am a Feminist": Lessons for Adult Learning from Participatory Action Research with Union Women. Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education, 27(1), 49–64. Retrieved from https://cjsae.library.dal.ca/index.php/cjsae/article/view/3361